The cost of improvements was too great for the old company, and so an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1884 to restructure the company and raise additional capital. elephant jokes from the 60's . [94], The aim of the improvements was to increase the minimum depth from 2 feet (0.6m) to 3 feet (0.9m). [72], Warp was also used as a commercial product, after being collected from the river banks at low tide, it was transported along the Chesterfield Canal to Walkeringham where it was dried out and refined to be eventually sold as a silver polish for cutlery manufacturers. The Trent drains a large portion of south-central Ontario, including most of the Kawartha Lakes and their supplying watersheds. The Act gave him absolute control over the building of any wharves and warehouses above Nottingham Bridge. The Trent Aegir tidal bore. [95], During the early 1930s, the company considered enlarging the navigation above Nottingham, in conjunction with improvements to the River Soar Navigation, between Trent Lock and Leicester. Trento was founded, according to the classical savant Pliny the Elder and the geographer Strabo of Amaseia, by the Raetians, and it became a Roman colony and military base on the road north to the Reschen (Resia) and . Towns Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent, Newark-on-Trent, Gainsborough Physical characteristics Source - location Biddulph Moor, Staffordshire, England - coordinates 530658N020825W / 53.11611N 2.14028W / 53.11611; -2 - elevation 275 m (902 ft) Mouth - location Trent Falls, Humber Estuary, Lincolnshire, England - coordinates The River Tamar is situated in south west England and forms a natural border between the counties of Devon and Cornwall. Navigation lights and a proper anchor and cable are compulsory. and the town was also a key place on long-distance routeways . Unusually for an English river, the channel altered significantly during historic times, and has been described as being similar to the Mississippi in this respect, especially in its middle reaches, where there are numerous old meanders and cut-off loops. Plans for new larger locks at Beeston and Wilford were abandoned when the Trent Catchment Board opposed them. [159] Returning adult salmon have been seen leaping over weirs on the river[159] and in 2011 a large salmon weighing over 10 pounds (4.5kg) was caught at an undisclosed location, and was 'thought to be the biggest caught on the Trent in the last thirty years'.[160]. An extra set of gates were added to Cromwell lock in 1935, effectively creating a second lock, while the Lenton to Trent Lock section was leased from the LNER in 1936, and ultimately purchased in 1946. Mills were important locations for fish and eel traps, the eels being caught during quill time between mid-August and early September. The second and third largest are the Derwent and the Dove respectively; together these two rivers drain the majority of Derbyshire and Staffordshire, including the upland areas of the Peak District. Agreement could not be reached, and so William Jessop was asked to re-assess the situation. In order to retain control of the whole river, they supported the inclusion of the Beeston Cut in the bill for the Nottingham Canal, which prevented the Erewash Canal company from getting permission to build it, and then had the proposal removed from the Nottingham Canal company's bill in return for their support of the main bill. [177], The primary reason for locating so many generating stations beside the Trent was the availability of sufficient amounts of cooling water from the river. [37][39], The low range of hills, which have been formed into a steep set of cliffs overlooking the Trent between Scunthorpe and Alkborough are also made up of mudstones, but are of the younger Rhaetic Penarth Group. As they were a source of income, they were recorded in the Domesday Book at a number of locations including Weston on Trent and Fiskerton, both of which were still in operation in the middle of the 20th century. [125][129], Artificial changes along the Trent, due to navigation, farming, mineral extraction and drainage works, mean that much of the riparian landscape has been altered, reducing the amount of natural habitat. [147], Evidence of fishing along the Trent can be traced back to the Neolithic period, with the possible remnants of a fish weir discovered in the abandoned river channels at Hemington. [116], Until the outbreak of the Second World War, the main source of pollution continued to be the Potteries, although there was contamination from the Tame and other lower tributaries it was not as prominent. [114], Although he provided land for a sewage works nearby at Strongford, the problems continued such that in 1905 the Levenson-Gower family left Trentham altogether and moved to their other properties, including Dunrobin Castle in Scotland. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in past times often caused the river to . However, a more likely explanation may be that it was considered to be a river that could be crossed principally by means of fords, i.e. Tolls decreased from 11,344 (equivalent to 1,060,000 in 2021),[93] during 1839 to 3,111 (equivalent to 310,000 in 2021),[93] in 1855. Brian/CC BY-SA 2.0. [57][84][85] Two days later, in the lower tidal reaches of the river, the peak of the flood combined with a high spring tide to flood villages and 2,000 properties in Gainsborough. [109][110] This divide was also described in Michael Drayton's epic topographical poem, Poly-Olbion, The Sixe and Twentieth Song, 1622: And of the British floods, though but the third I be, A vestige of the saline marshes created by the brine springs that seep from the groundwater of the Mercia mudstones, the reserve contains salt tolerant species normally found on the coast, such as sea plantain, arrowgrass and milkwort. The native and migrant species are still spotted in River Trent where they live on the nature reserves and wetland areas. [29]:29[35], The less populous rural areas are offset by a number of large urbanised areas including the conurbations of Stoke-on-Trent, Birmingham and the surrounding Black Country in the West Midlands; and in the East Midlands the major university cities and historical county seats of Leicester, Derby and Nottingham. Efird Commercial Real Estate. These levels extend across the Trent valley, and include the lower reaches of the Eau, Torne and Idle. [23], On 1718 March 1947 the Trent overtopped its banks in Nottingham. At certain times of the year, the lower tidal reaches of the Trent experience a moderately large tidal bore (up to 5 feet [1.5m] high), commonly known as the Trent Aegir (named after the Norse sea god). [2] Throughout its course, the river mostly flows through the Peak District and its foothills. A plan to build six locks between Cromwell and Holme, and to dredge this section to ensure it was 60 feet (18m) wide and 5 feet (1.5m) deep was authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1906. The resulting surge overtopped the flood defences in the area near Keadby and Burringham, flooding 50 properties. After the confluence with the Swarbourn, it passes Alrewas and reaches Wychnor, where it is crossed by the A38 dual carriageway, which follows the route of the Roman Ryknild Street. The last bridge over the river is at Keadby where it is joined by both the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and the River Torne. These cities lie on the river Trent: Stoke-on-Trent. [114], This was a particular problem in Stoke-on-Trent and the growing towns of the Potteries. There are many fishing clubs that use the river, with catches including barbel, bream, carp, chub, dace, pike, and roach. that reckoning how these tracts in compasse be extent, [18][19] Researchers using aerial photographs and historical maps have identified many of these palaeochannel features, a well-documented example being the meander cutoff at Sawley. [152] The last known catch was in 1902 near Holme, the fish was .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}8+12 feet (2.6m) and weighed 250 pounds (110kg). [20][21] The river's propensity to change course is referred to in Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part 1: Methinks my moiety, north from Burton here, At Besthorpe near Newark, breeding pairs of little egrets and grey herons have been observed. Henry Hotspur's speech complaining about the river has been linked to the meanders near West Burton,[23] however, given the wider context of the scene, in which conspirators propose to divide England into three after a revolt, it is thought that Hotspur's intentions were of a grander design, diverting the river east towards the Wash such that he would benefit from a much larger share of the divided Kingdom. Men bound them on the north, or on the south of Trent[111], It is not clear when pollution first became an issue for the River Trent, but in the late 1880s, it had a thriving salmon fishery, with the river producing an annual catch of some 3,000 fish, a decade later, this had fallen to 100. [47][148] More definitive finds from the medieval period were also found at this site and near Colwick. Flowing for 143 miles, the vast waterway is the fourth-longest in the UK and its history is . [7] This may indeed indicate a river that is prone to flooding. [37], Sand, gravels and alluvium deposits that overlie the mudstone bedrock occur almost along the entire length of the river, and are an important feature of the middle and lower reaches, with the alluvial river silt producing fertile soils that are used for intensive agriculture in the Trent valley. [11], The now tidal river meanders across a wide floodplain, at the edge of which are located riverside villages such as Carlton and Sutton on Trent, Besthorpe and Girton. [24], During the Pleistocene epoch (1.7 million years ago), the River Trent rose in the Welsh hills and flowed almost east from Nottingham through the present Vale of Belvoir to cut a gap through the limestone ridge at Ancaster and thence to the North Sea. The mudstones are not exposed by the bed of the river, as there is a layer of gravels and then alluvium above the bedrock. The complex of three bridges provides evidence of attempts to keep a crossing open over slightly more than two hundred years from 1097, with three bridges constructed on the same site but felled by scouring, floods and course migration of the river to the south eroding the bridgehead. key towns of river banniridescent telecaster pickguard. This resulted in the release of raw sewage and the chemical into the river, killing thousands of fish, and posing a health risk to river users as far south as Burton. [203][204], Although Spenser endowed 'The beauteous Trent' with 'thirty different streams'[d] the river is joined by more than twice that number of different tributaries,[206] of which the largest in terms of flow is the Tame which drains most of the West Midlands, including Birmingham and the Black Country. [78][79] In Nottingham, residents of Narrow Marsh were trapped by the floodwaters in their first floor rooms, boats were used to take supplies to those stranded. Wading birds such as Eurasian oystercatcher and great bittern have also been observed at the reserve; as have kingfishers, reed warblers and water rails. The lower river occupies a peaty depression in the . Underlying the upper reaches of the Trent, are formations of Millstone Grit and Carboniferous Coal Measures which include layers of sandstones, marls and coal seams. [11] To the north-east of Burton the river is joined by the River Dove at Newton Solney and enters Derbyshire, before passing between the villages of Willington and Repton where it turns directly east to reach Swarkestone Bridge. [95], Frank Rayner, who had been with the company since 1887, and had served as its engineer and later general manager since 1896, died in December 1945. [95], Increased running costs after the First World War could not be met by increasing the tolls, as the company had no statutory powers to do so, and so suggested that the Ministry of Transport should take over the navigation, which they did from 24 September 1920. The most recent occurrence involved the Celtic Endeavour being aground near Gunness for ten days, finally being lifted off by a high tide.[102][103][104]. After passing the site of High Marnham power station, it becomes the approximate boundary between Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire and reaches the only toll bridge along its course at Dunham on Trent. What is the River Trent used for? [87], The fifth largest flood recorded at Nottingham occurred in November 2000, with widespread flooding of low-lying land along the Trent valley, including many roads and railways. The work was completed by October 1773, and the separate tolls remained in force until 1783, when they were replaced by a one-shilling (5p) toll whichever channel the boats used. The variation in these factors is also reflected in the contrasting runoff characteristics and subsequent inflows of the principal tributaries. Such conditions occurred in February 1977, with widespread flooding in the lower reaches of the Trent when heavy rain produced a peak flow of nearly 1,000m3/s (35,000cuft/s) at Nottingham. [46]:3647 Four of these main tributaries, including the Dove and Derwent which drain the upland Peak District, all join within the middle reaches, giving rise to a comparatively energetic river system for the UK. [5][6], The name "Trent" is possibly from a Romano-British word meaning "strongly flooding". Crossing a wide flood plain, the bridge is almost one mile (1.6km) long, a laborious project to allow flood waters to pass under it. Due to the relatively small size of the Trent and its tributaries such as the Fowlea Brook, which drained these towns, the river and brooks were unable to dilute the inflow of domestic sewage and soon became overwhelmed and badly polluted. . At Stoke-on-Trent in the upper reaches, the average flow is only 0.6m3/s (21cuft/s), which increases considerably to 4.4m3/s (160cuft/s), at Great Haywood, as it includes the flow of the upper tributaries draining the Potteries conurbation. The lowest flows for the river were recorded during the drought of 1976, following the dry winter of 1975/6. [132][133] It forms part of the Severn-Trent flyway, a route used by migratory birds to cross Great Britain. [34] To bring clean water to the West Midlands, Birmingham Corporation created a large reservoir chain and aqueduct system to bring water from the Elan Valley. It lies along the Adige River, south of Bolzano. 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