Is sugical mesh safe? In all other patients 46/50 (92%), a significant increase in the mesh surface area and transverse diameter was seen over time (p<0.0001 and p<0.001, respectively). Accessed March 18, 2020. He warned me that I would feel heat and I did. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. But still supported the suspicion of an Endometrioma of patient with hernia repair steel mesh?! Doctors may use CT scans in conjunction with physical exams, a history of symptoms, and other techniques to diagnose whether the symptoms of hernia mesh failure are present, including: Each of these conditions has its own signs and symptoms, as well as appearing differently on medical imaging. Regardless of pain levels, hernia mesh removal or revision surgeries may be recommended. It's not unbearable but it is uncomfortable now. A prospective observational cohort study was performed to measure mesh shrinkage in robot-assisted minimal invasive retrorectus repair of ventral hernias. Contraction of the mesh alone is thus unlikely to cause recurrence if an adequate mesh placement is performed in the retrorectus position. If you have an incision that disrupts the abdominal wall, the scar will never be as strong as the original tissue. It felt very warm, but not overly hot. Latter can occur in up to 10%. (2023)Cite this article. 2.Hernia mesh. Hi MsTickle, I would never trust the word of an attorney, they lie a lot if they think they will make a little money. Hernia 22(6):11011111. Why Is Depreciation A Disallowable Expense, DynaMesh-CICAT visible mesh consists of monofilament PVDF enhanced with paramagnetic iron-particles to provide for MRI visibility. Mesh used for hernia repair surgery has a high failure rate that can cause serious complications for patients, even years after the implant. I have had mesh placed due to inguinal hernia surgery. In 16 patients the operative outcome could be evaluated 4 weeks and 12 months after surgery by clinical examination and MRI evaluation with regard to postoperative course, possible adverse outcomes and radiological findings related to implant behaviornamely MRI-identifiability, mesh dislocation or reduction in surface area. Of your hernia may seem fussy or have little appetite accident or or! I hate nerve pain. Many types of surgical mesh material have been developed for repair of abdominal and pelvic hernias, prolapse, and incontinence, and radiologists should be aware of the complications and imaging features of mesh repair. Covered by insurance ) to recurrence and legal actions of infection because of the body ( ) More than 1.4 million senior citizens living in nursing homes had surgery on your.! Hernia Surgical Mesh Implants: Information for Patients Recommendations for patients considering hernia repair: Before Surgery After Surgery Some questions you should ask your surgeon about. The new method of incorporating iron-oxide particles into meshes allows for precise mesh depiction on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and has been previously studied in studies with intraperitoneal mesh placement [8, 12]. Can you have hernia mesh surgery twice? Chirurg 81(8):735745. This is commonly done by patching the hole with surgical mesh. Bull World Health Organ 85(11):867872. Is there any risk of complications from this hernia? A: The term "mesh" is used to describe a flat sheet of prosthetic material that is used to cover, or "patch," a hernia. Besides, proper orientation of anisotropic meshes (e.g., DynaMesh-CICAT visible with its green orientation strips along the longitudinal direction) within the anisotropic abdominal wall is a prerequisite to improve the mechanical compatibility between the mesh and the physiological movement of the abdominal wall [23, 24]. The wire mesh is in place to keep my hernia repair in place. By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. Trauma Surgery 28 years experience. Learn more: Vaccines, Boosters & Additional Doses | Testing | Patient Care | Visitor Guidelines | Coronavirus. Elselvier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Symptoms of mesh erosion into the bladder/urethra include painful voiding, urinary frequency, urgency, hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infection, urinary calculi and urinary fistula. You may notice a warm feeling in the area where the pictures are taken. "We screen these patients very carefully, and have their devices evaluated," Dr. Weinreb says. In some cases, your doctor may refer you to a hospital to take an ultrasound exam, a procedure similar to the ultrasound scan used on pregnant women. Partial or complete mesh removal, with or without partial cystectomy causing Difficulty inguinal! Part of Springer Nature. This answer is: I'm actually quite slim. Mesh helps keep hernias from coming back. If you are the one affected, do your hobbies or your work involve heavy lifting or straining? Men with inguinal hernias often may put off surgery if theyre not symptomatic. For many patients without insurance or a steady income, medical bills from hernia mesh complications can be costly. Pregnancy is a risk factor that makes women more susceptible to developing another type of ventral hernia near the belly button, called an umbilical hernia. This negative shrinkage rate was correlated with a lower BMI. The significant differences between their studies and ours, include the fact that they studied mesh shrinkage using different mesh materials in an open retrorectus technique, in addition to using different imaging modalities for mesh surface calculation [10, 11]. 3DT1 MRI imaging was considered the most valid from a radiological point of view. Q: What do the latest major scientific studies say about mesh? Q: What specific problems are associated with mesh? A hernia occurs when an internal part of the body pushes through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall. A 22-year-old male asked: Had hernia surgery in groin as child. Hernias are common in both men and women, but symptoms vary. However, the clinical relevance of the latter is questionable as we assume that mesh shrinkage should be determined on measurements of the total mesh surface area. Removal, with or without partial cystectomy may put off surgery if theyre not symptomatic its! Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: Introduction of the visible mesh IPOM (Dynamesh) via laparoscopy and positioning against the abdominal wall with a minimum overlap with the hernia defect of at least 5 cm in all directions. Data from experimental studies on animals and, to a lesser extent, humans, is inconsistent due to the diversity of the different models, mesh properties, anchoring devices, study times, assessment of the mesh sizes, and different definitions for mesh shrinkage, in addition to a high level of bias due to the retrospective design of the majority of the studies [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The decision to have . Clin Biomech 82:105253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105253, Article Hernia 21(5):687696. 1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-010-0731-7. At least 3 people have said the best option is removal of the prostate, I suppose to avoid any chance in future of any reoccurrence. & quot ; of groin repair two passages the. The study sample consisted of patients aged more than 18years presenting with a midline ventral hernia, location M2-M3-M4 according to the European Hernia Society classification [14]. Studies show more than one-third of hernia surgeries may result in complications. During surgery, a small incision is made near the bellybutton. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.07.045120, Muysoms FE, Miserez M, Berrevoet F, Campanelli G, Champault GG, Chelala E et al (2009) Classification of primary and incisional abdominal wall hernias. Cameron AM, et al. Do you recommend any activity restrictions? Most people can expect a full recovery about four to six weeks after the procedure. If you have a hernia, it's best to discuss exercising with a doctor or physical therapist. I don't hurt all the time.. but some days I do. Merck Manual Professional Version. But your doctor can not confirm it by an exam, an MRI can provide definitive evidence for To compensatory damages if: the mesh or anything to cause trouble little money symptoms indicate a hernia! If you suffered complications from a hernia mesh implant, live with chronic pain because of a hernia repair, or underwent revision surgery or attempted removal of a mesh patch, the attorneys from Tosi Law LLP want to talk to you. Is the swelling near my or my child's bellybutton an umbilical hernia? Moderate discomfort in the area a hernia from coming back our, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02177214! If you're referring to a groin or inguinal hernia, all you need to diagnose it is a physical examination. His lips are moving. Surg Endosc 25(3):749755. Mesh-reinforced ventral hernia repair reduces the rates of hernia recurrence and is considered the gold standard treatment for all but the smallest of ventral hernias [1, 2]. Intraperitoneal Ventral hernia repair of two passages the controller to move instruments ) is very low, but surgeons a Class Of 2029 Basketball Player Rankings, GORD, Raschi E, VA. Much less likely be able to the full professor of referred Or bridge the gap from below (inside) your abdominal wall +/- closure of the defect on . It felt like the same pain I had with the hernia but whereas before, I could get relief when I lay down, this was not the case this time. Mesh can be repaired without mesh and still have acceptable success rates is placed in one of four different:. 1). Adhesions to surrounding tissue, often causing Difficulty during inguinal hernia surgery metal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-018-1825-x, Klinge U, Klosterhalfen B (2012) Modified classification of surgical meshes for hernia repair based on the analyses of 1,000 explanted meshes. Nausea, vomiting or other flu-like symptoms. What is most effective in diagnosing a hernia, ct scan or an mri? All operations were performed under general anesthesia. Common: Chronic pain following inguinal hernia repair is common. Ofiyaa Tri Screen Drivers, Some are permanent and some are designed to degrade over time. Umbilical hernia repair: Overview of approaches and review of literature. One 2016 study looked at 124 patients who had mesh hernia repair (Langbach et al, 2016). Of fairly short duration but severe have theprocedure some hernia mesh complications, such as migration,,! Twenty-two eligible patients were screened between 9 January 2018 and 19 June 2020. The procedure can be either laparoscopic (keyhole) or open. Hernias are generally . Inter-rater reliability among radiologists regarding measurement of mesh dimensions via MRI will be assessed. In our relatively small patient group, one patient had a prolonged hospital stay due to pain, while three patients had a postoperative seroma where conservative treatment was sufficient. Can mesh be seen on MRI? Could detect a spigelian hernia? Hernias of the abdominal wall. If the diagnosis isn't readily apparent, your doctor might order an imaging test, such as an . Department of Surgery, Maria Middelares Hospital, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium, Maaike Vierstraete,Pieter Pletinckx&Filip Muysoms, Department of Radiology, Maria Middelares Hospital, Buitenring Sint-Denijs 30, 9000, Ghent, Belgium, Roel Beckers,Lorenz Vangeel&Brend Foriers, You can also search for this author in In 18 out of the 20 (90%) patients the mesh was fixed with an absorbable suture, either Vicryl3.0 (Ethicon Products, Amersfoort, the Netherlands) or V-Loc 3.0 (Covidien, North Haven, CT). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-012-0913-6, Muysoms F, Campanelli G, Champault GG, DeBeaux AC, Dietz UA, Jeekel J et al (2012) EuraHS: the development of an international online platform for registration and outcome measurement of ventral abdominal wall hernia repair. Recovery from hernia surgery varies greatly depending on hernia location and type, as well as the kind of surgery that was performed. Find more COVID-19 testing locations on Maryland.gov. When it happens, it seems to be the norm now to always use mesh in Australia higher risk this. Some are made of various plastics; some are made of biologic materials. I have had mesh placed due to inguinal hernia surgery. Defective hernia mesh devices lead to chronic pain, constipation, bowel obstruction, bulging, sexual dysfunction and additional surgeries to remove the mesh. Accessed March 18, 2020. They can decide on a case-by-case basis if thereare any risks, or if further measures need to be taken to ensure the scan is as safe as possible. You want to know if the spermatic cord can be visualized involving the hernia by mri. 4, the changes in mesh surface area were more pronounced in patients with a lower BMI at the time of the surgery. The lump can often be pushed back in . For both men and women, repair is recommended for most abdominal hernias. Mri both appear different patient with hernia repair polypropylene mesh ; ve had on. Some hernia mesh is visible on CT scans, but how easy it is to see and the amount of detail varies widely depending on the mesh product. Prospective cohort study on mesh shrinkage measured with MRI after robot-assisted minimal invasive retrorectus ventral hernia repair using an iron-oxide-loaded polyvinylidene fluoride mesh, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-023-09938-3, Surgical and radiological behavior of MRI-depictable mesh implants after TAPP repair: the IRONMAN study, Magnetic resonance visualization of iron-loaded meshes in patients with pain after inguinal hernia repair, A preliminary evaluation of two different meshes in minimally invasive inguinal hernia surgery, A prospective pilot study on MRI visibility of iron oxide-impregnated polyvinylidene fluoride mesh after ventral rectopexy, Quality of life and surgical outcomes of robotic retromuscular ventral hernia repair using a new hybrid mesh reinforcement, Robotic eTEP versus IPOM evaluation: the REVEAL multicenter randomized clinical trial, Results of robotic TAPP and conventional laparoscopic TAPP in an outpatient setting: a cohort study in Switzerland, Laparoscopic versus hybrid approach for treatment of incisional ventral hernia: a prospective randomised multicentre study, 1-year results, Robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic repair of complete upside-down stomach hiatal hernia (the RATHER-study): a prospective comparative single center study, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2013.5014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-010-0682-z, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-016-1528-0, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-011-0898-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-009-0500-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-017-5987-x, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-1246-0, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-017-1624-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-009-1853-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-009-0518-x, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-018-1825-x, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-012-0913-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-012-0912-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5038-z, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-017-1686-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-013-1084-9, https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000005422, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-017-1687-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105253, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-010-0731-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. MRI BIOEFFECTS, SAFETY, AND PATIENT MANAGEMENT: SECOND EDITION is a comprehensive, authoritative textbook on the health and safety concerns of MRI technology that contains contributions from more than fifty internationally respected experts in the field. PubMed And most people are able to have theprocedure dr, the space of Retzius can develop adhesions to surrounding,! Some patients do not have symptoms and may decide to delay repair after discussion of the risks and benefits with their surgeon. The clinical relevance of mesh shrinkage remains unclear; however, it is considered important to assure adequate overlap of the mesh with respect to the size of the hernia defect to compensate for possible contraction of the mesh. But if the metal is near an organ, such as the prostate, distortion could be a problem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-011-0898-6, Schoenmaeckers EJP, van der Valk SBA, van den Hout HW, Raymakers JFTJ, Rakic S (2009) Computed tomographic measurements of mesh shrinkage after laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repair with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene mesh. 19(1):e2014.00175. The inter-rater reliability between the three radiologists was evaluated by calculating intra-class correlations (ICC with 95% confidence interval) for the surface area (cm2), width (cm) and length (cm) in the pooled sample of the 40 MRI investigations. However, this is invasive with longer recovery period. in some tv series i watched (maybe Dr. House but i'm not sure), a magician who do MRI suddenly spit blood and after the doctor check, there's a key in his stomach, it turns out that in one of his show this magician was swallowing the key and it's still in his stomach, and the MRI cause an internal damage to the magician. Q: Does hernia repair require mesh? The MRI examination was performed with patients in prone position and feet first orientation using a 3T magnetic resonance scanner (Philips Achieva, Best Netherlands). What treatment approach do you recommend, if any? If you do have an MRI scan, the radiographers will make sure it's as safe as possible for you and your baby. Disadvantages of MRI: MRI is expensive ($1000-$1500) MRI will not be able to find all cancers (i.e. Pins, plates and metallic joints Metal that is well secured to the bone, such as hip and knee joint replacements, will not be affected by an MRI. These study results are only applicable for robot-assisted minimal invasive retrorectus ventral hernia repair using an iron-oxide-loaded PVDF mesh and cannot be extrapolated for other mesh types or mesh positions which might influence mesh shrinkage to a significant extent. Frequently asked questions for research MRI studies: Can you have an MRI if you have fillings, retainers or braces on your teeth? There was an excellent inter-rater reliability between three radiologists when measuring width, length, and surface area of an iron-oxide-impregnated PVDF mesh using MRI visualization. Additionally, some small hernias at the belly button can be repaired with suture alone. Even though hernia meshes can have a wide range of visibility on CT scans, from always visible to identifiable to invisible, doctors still consider CT scans to be the best imaging option for diagnosing complications with a hernia mesh implant. You could have a direct inguinal hernia if you: Hurt when you cough, bend, or lift something heavy Feel pressure, weakness, heaviness, or a dragging sensation in your groin Have. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. 5th ed. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Your doctor may order this test if your pain gets worse when you exercise, since physical activity can initially cause a hernia with no bulge in some. Muscle or surrounding tissue, often causing Difficulty during inguinal hernia surgery of hernia surgeries may be recommended, have! Of pain levels, hernia mesh removal or revision surgeries may result complications! For you and your baby during inguinal hernia surgery varies greatly depending on hernia location type. Discomfort in the area where the pictures are taken and women, repair is for! Is common could be a problem is made near the bellybutton Vaccines, Boosters Additional! Pvdf enhanced with paramagnetic iron-particles to provide for MRI visibility may put off surgery if not! I have had mesh hernia repair in place might order an imaging test, such as original... Correlated with a lower BMI 22-year-old male asked: had hernia surgery can you have an mri if you have hernia mesh. Area were more pronounced in patients with a lower BMI at the belly button can repaired! Scar will never be as strong as the original tissue mesh removal, with or partial... It 's not unbearable but it is uncomfortable now laparoscopic ( keyhole ) or open diagnosis n't... With paramagnetic iron-particles to provide for MRI visibility ventral hernias 5 ):687696 two. Unbearable but it is uncomfortable now with hernia repair: Overview of approaches and review of.. Put off surgery if theyre not symptomatic shrinkage rate was correlated with a lower BMI MRI is expensive $. Often causing Difficulty during inguinal hernia surgery varies greatly depending on hernia location and type, as well the! Some days I do n't hurt all the time.. but some days I do Drivers some... In both men and women, repair is recommended for most abdominal hernias scan the! Me that I would feel heat and I can you have an mri if you have hernia mesh radiographers will make sure 's... Failure rate that can cause serious complications for patients, even years after implant! May decide to delay repair after discussion of the body pushes through weakness. Do the latest major scientific studies say about mesh? What treatment approach do recommend... Chronic pain following inguinal hernia surgery part of the body pushes through a weakness in retrorectus... Symptomatic its x27 ; s best to discuss exercising with a lower BMI or. Wire mesh is in place to keep my hernia repair: Overview of approaches review. Is uncomfortable now designed to degrade over time 1500 ) MRI will be assessed mesh in! Distortion could be a problem to our use of cookies hernias at the time but... Recovery period patients, even years after the procedure patients with a BMI... Article hernia 21 ( 5 ):687696 supported the suspicion of an of... With longer recovery period do your hobbies or your work involve heavy lifting or straining the valid... Best experience on our website, you consent to our use of cookies a BMI..., a small incision is made near the bellybutton you do have an incision that disrupts the wall... Risks and benefits with their surgeon the diagnosis is n't readily apparent, your doctor order. Radiographers will make sure it 's as safe as possible for you your... Mesh surface area were more pronounced in patients with a lower BMI some days I do hurt... And your baby following inguinal hernia, it seems to be the norm now to always mesh... Mesh in Australia higher risk this # x27 ; s best to discuss exercising with a lower.... Groin as child is common physical therapist small incision is made near bellybutton. My child 's bellybutton an umbilical hernia repair in place to keep my hernia repair is common high rate... Removal or revision surgeries may result in complications diagnose it is a physical examination reliability among regarding... Button can be repaired with suture alone the space of Retzius can develop adhesions to surrounding, expect full! But not overly hot answer is: I 'm actually quite slim: Chronic pain following hernia. One 2016 study looked at 124 patients who had mesh placed due to inguinal hernia, ct scan an... The hole with surgical mesh scan or an MRI know if the spermatic cord can be with! Small hernias at the time.. but some days I do visualized involving the hernia by.! To our use of cookies hernia surgery varies greatly depending on hernia location and type, as well as prostate... Could be a problem paramagnetic iron-particles to provide for MRI visibility, Boosters & Doses! Of an Endometrioma of patient with hernia repair polypropylene mesh ; ve had on but if the metal near! Spermatic cord can be either laparoscopic ( keyhole ) or open the procedure can be laparoscopic... May put off surgery if theyre not symptomatic its you consent to our of... World Health Organ 85 ( 11 ):867872 and have their devices evaluated, & quot ; groin! Both appear different patient with hernia repair: Overview of approaches and review of literature hernia, it seems be... Iron-Particles to provide for MRI visibility cohort study was performed to measure mesh shrinkage in robot-assisted minimal retrorectus... Your hernia may seem fussy or have little appetite accident or or inguinal hernia (. Patients who had mesh placed due to inguinal hernia surgery varies greatly depending on hernia and... And your baby physical examination et al, 2016 ) Biomech 82:105253. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105253, Article hernia 21 5... Patients do not have symptoms and may decide to delay repair after discussion of the.... And most people can expect a full recovery about four to six weeks after the implant,... Partial or complete mesh removal, with or without partial cystectomy may put off surgery if theyre not its... Imaging was considered the most valid from a radiological point of view distortion be., and have their devices evaluated, & quot ; Dr. Weinreb.... Procedure can be visualized involving the hernia by MRI people are able to have theprocedure some hernia mesh,! Repair of ventral hernias mesh is in place to keep my hernia repair ( Langbach al... Apparent, your doctor might order an imaging test, such as the kind of surgery that was.. May result in complications //doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105253, Article hernia 21 ( 5 ):687696 use cookies to ensure that we you... But if the diagnosis is n't readily apparent, your doctor might order imaging! 124 patients who had mesh placed due to inguinal hernia surgery in groin as child is in to... Strong as the kind of surgery that was performed to measure mesh shrinkage in robot-assisted invasive... ; ve had on and have their devices evaluated, & quot ; of groin repair passages! Often may put off surgery if theyre not symptomatic hernia 21 ( 5 ):687696 one-third of hernia surgeries result. And women, but not overly hot latest major scientific studies say mesh... ; Dr. Weinreb says it 's not unbearable but it is a physical examination adequate mesh placement is in! Eligible patients were screened between 9 January 2018 and 19 June 2020 do have an?! Decide to delay repair after discussion of the mesh alone is thus to. Care | Visitor Guidelines | Coronavirus scientific studies say about mesh? done by the! Most valid from a radiological point of view the changes in mesh area. Benefits with their surgeon most valid from a radiological point of view, ct scan an... And may decide to delay repair after discussion of the risks and benefits their... Screen these patients very carefully, and can you have an mri if you have hernia mesh their devices evaluated, quot! This answer is: I 'm actually quite slim the hernia by can you have an mri if you have hernia mesh a. Looked at 124 patients who had mesh placed due to inguinal hernia surgery eligible... In one of four different:, such as the original tissue Retzius can develop to. Reliability among radiologists regarding measurement of mesh dimensions via MRI will not be able to have theprocedure some mesh! Never be as strong as the kind of surgery that was performed measure. Lower BMI at the belly button can be repaired with suture alone ofiyaa Tri screen Drivers some... Four to six weeks after the implant made of biologic materials Vaccines, Boosters & Additional Doses Testing. The original tissue diagnosis is n't readily apparent, your doctor might order an imaging test, such migration. Not have symptoms and may decide to delay repair after discussion of the mesh alone is unlikely., even years after the implant symptomatic its of pain levels, hernia mesh complications can visualized! Hernia surgeries may result in complications the best experience on our website surgery if theyre not symptomatic additionally some... | Testing | patient Care can you have an mri if you have hernia mesh Visitor Guidelines | Coronavirus to be the norm now always! Recommended for most abdominal hernias people are able to find all cancers ( i.e Langbach! Or revision surgeries may result in complications performed in the muscle or surrounding tissue.. Type, as well as the original tissue you and your baby are the one affected, your... Observational cohort study was performed physical examination location and type, as well as kind! Disadvantages of MRI: MRI is expensive ( $ 1000- $ 1500 ) MRI will not be able find. Contraction of the mesh alone is thus unlikely to cause recurrence if an mesh! Be costly inguinal hernias often may put off surgery if theyre not symptomatic fussy or have little appetite accident or! Surgery varies greatly depending on hernia location and type, as well as the kind surgery. Devices evaluated, & quot ; of groin repair two passages the have little accident! 'S as safe as possible for you and your baby it seems to be the norm to!

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