[a][133] Historical markers in Danvers, Massachusetts, and Newburyport, MA commemorate Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. After trying and failing to hand the fort at West Point over to the British, he joined the Royal Army and took . Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 to a prominent Connecticut family. [60] Some of this communication was effected through the services of Joseph Stansbury, a Philadelphia merchant.[61]. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. [77] Arnold worked over the next few months to publicize this fact; however, Washington published a formal rebuke of his behavior in early April, just one week after he had congratulated Arnold on the birth of his son Edward Shippen Arnold on March 19:[78], The Commander-in-Chief would have been much happier in an occasion of bestowing commendations on an officer who had rendered such distinguished services to his country as Major General Arnold; but in the present case, a sense of duty and a regard to candor oblige him to declare that he considers his conduct [in the convicted actions] as imprudent and improper. Crippled from his wounds, Arnold was placed in command of Philadelphia (June 1778), where he socialized with families of loyalist sympathies and lived extravagantly. [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. He then took the letter back to Connecticut, suspicious of Arnold's actions, where he delivered it to the head of the Connecticut militia. "[108] Cornwallis ignored Arnold's advice to locate a permanent base away from the coast, advice that might have averted his surrender at Yorktown. [6][103] Among his bequests were considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson. The Arnold residence attained the reputation as one of early Amsterdam's finer homes. "[88] At the same time, he tried to drain West Point's supplies so that a siege would be more likely to succeed. [128], Arnold left a small estate, reduced in size by his debts, which Peggy undertook to clear. General Washington gave him a light reprimand, but it merely heightened Arnold's sense of betrayal; nonetheless, he had already opened negotiations with the British before his court martial even began. The combined assault (December 31, 1775) failed, Montgomery was killed, and Arnold was severely wounded. He was imprisoned by French authorities on Guadeloupe amid accusations of spying for the British, and narrowly eluded hanging by escaping to the blockading British fleet after bribing his guards. in George Athan Billias, ed., This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05. Odell was a Loyalist working with William Franklin, the last colonial governor of New Jersey and the son of Benjamin Franklin. He had his leg crudely set, rather than allowing it to be amputated, leaving it 2 inches (5cm) shorter than the right. The second was Benedict Arnold. The absent name is Benedict Arnold, a name now synonymous with "traitor." Many Americans understand why his name has been erased from the chapel of the garrison he once commanded. [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. Understand why Benedict Arnold spied for the British during the American Revolutionary War. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. Did he become a traitor because of all the injustice he suffered, real and imagined, at the hands of the Continental Congress and his jealous fellow generals? Things Trump will never be. He died, age 60, and was buried in London. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Shy, John. During the summer of 1778, he met Peggy Shippen, the 18-year-old daughter of Judge Edward Shippen (III), a Loyalist sympathizer who had done business with the British while they occupied the city;[57] Peggy had been courted by British Major John Andr during the British occupation of Philadelphia. At the end of 1781 Arnold went to England. The Hudson River Chain today Arnold never received all of the 20,000 pounds he was promised by the British for becoming a traitor. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. As early as 1778, there were signs that Arnold was unhappy with his situation and pessimistic about the country's future. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. Interview with Philbrick in Michael Dolan, "Hero And Villain,", Julie Courtwright, "Whom Can We Trust Now? After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. [75], Arnold's court martial on charges of profiteering began meeting on June 1, 1779, but it was delayed until December 1779 by Clinton's capture of Stony Point, New York, throwing the army into a flurry of activity to react. When the British took control of Philadelphia in 1777, Peggy met John Andr, a charming, well-educated British officer. . By early July, he was back in Philadelphia, where he wrote another secret message to Clinton on July 7 which implied that his appointment to West Point was assured and that he might even provide a "drawing of the works by which you might take [West Point] without loss". Peggy's Childhood Peggy was the daughter of Edward Shippen and born into a prominent Philadelphia family. By. Angry and frustrated, Arnold resigned his military command of Philadelphia in late April. Arnold repeatedly claimed that he was being passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress, and that other officers were being given credit for some of his accomplishments. The America. Benedict Arnold passed away on 3 March 1849. See the fact file below for more information on . In a July 11 letter, he complained that the British did not appear to trust him, and threatened to break off negotiations unless progress was made. He also peppered Washington with complaints about the lack of supplies, writing, "Everything is wanting. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. In 1776, he deployed defensive and delay tactics at the Battle of Valcour Island in Lake Champlain that gave American forces time to prepare New York's defenses. His father was a successful businessman and young Arnold was educated in private schools. General Parsons laid it aside, seeing a letter written as a coded business discussion. His difficult time in New Brunswick led historians to summarize it as full of "controversy, resentment, and legal entanglements" and to conclude that he was disliked by both Americans and Loyalists living there. The first man was a British major named John Andre. His chaplain Rev. A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton After the usual exchange of greetings I ventured to request from him some letters of introduction to his friends in America. He hoped that this work would earn him wider respect and a new command; instead, it earned him and his sons a land-grant of 15,000 acres (6,100ha) in Upper Canada,[122] near present-day Renfrew, Ontario. He began to drink heavily, and . They had no reason to suspect that Gen. Benedict Arnold, the new commander of the post, would be less than a gracious host. Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. Nor was it named after Pope Benedict XIII, the leader of the Catholic Church from 1724 to 1730 (or any of the 15 other popes who took the name Benedict). Letters were to be passed through the women's circle that Peggy Arnold was a part of, but only Peggy would be aware that some letters contained instructions that were to be passed on to Andr, written in both code and invisible ink, using Stansbury as the courier. [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. Donald Trump has taken over from Benedict Arnold as "America's number one traitor," according to a group of veterans seeking to vote the president out of office this November. Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticutthe fifth person in his family to be named Benedict Arnold. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. He returned to the army at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in May 1778 to the applause of men who had served under him at Saratoga. Working as a spy, Armistead gained the trust of General Cornwallis and Benedict Arnold,. The British withdrew from Philadelphia in June 1778, and Washington appointed Arnold military commander of the city. He was enrolled in a private school in nearby Canterbury, Connecticut, when he was 10, with the expectation that he would eventually attend Yale College. What does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold? He later revealed that he expected to obtain the command of West Point, New York, and asked the British for 20,000 for betraying this post. Arnold arrived in New Brunswick in December 1785, so Sage's mother could not have been from there. His performance in the Battle of Ridgefield in Connecticut prompted his promotion to major general. Stansbury's testimony before a British commission erroneously placed his meeting with Arnold in June. In real life: Arnold left for England in late 1781, before the official surrender, in an unsuccessful bid to persuade the Crown to keep the war going in America. On May 9, Franklin introduced Stansbury to Major Andr, who had just been named the British spy chief. Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". 0:00. Andr had spies and informers keeping track of Arnold to verify his movements. During this time, Arnold brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. General George Washington had given him his fullest trust and had placed him in command of West Point in New York. [105] He also wrote in the letter to Washington requesting safe passage for Peggy: "Love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions. [111] He renewed that request when he learned of the surrender, which Clinton then granted. Clinton was concerned that Washington's army and the French fleet would join in Rhode Island, and he again fixed on West Point as a strategic point to capture. Or was it a kind of extreme midlife crisis, swerving from radical political beliefs to reactionary ones, a change accelerated by his marriage to the very young, very pretty, very Tory Peggy Shippen? [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". Arnold resented this affront, and only Washingtons personal persuasion kept him from resigning. Background. [91][92] This action did little damage besides giving the captain, Andrew Sutherland, a splinter in his nosebut the splinter prompted the Vulture to retreat,[93] forcing Andr to return to New York overland. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. Arnold escaped; Andr was hanged. On December 8, 1781, Arnold and his family left New York for England. He was well received by King George III and the Tories but frowned upon by the Whigs and most Army officers. [37] He also had disagreements with John Brown and James Easton, two lower-level officers with political connections that resulted in ongoing suggestions of improprieties on his part. He could not cope with failure and disgrace. He then went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and suggested to George Washington a second expedition to attack Quebec City via a wilderness route through Maine. We largely don't even know who he is. [54] Such schemes were not uncommon among American officers, but Arnold's schemes were sometimes frustrated by powerful local politicians such as Joseph Reed, who eventually amassed enough evidence to publicly air charges against him. Updates? [8] His siblings were, in order of birth: Benedict (17381739), Hannah (17421803), Mary (17451753), Absolom (17471750), and Elizabeth (17491755). "No one has betrayed those in uniform like Donald Trump ," said the voiceover in the latest ad . Benedict Arnold (14 January 1741 [O.S. Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. He had requested to resign multiple times after being refused promotions and, from December 1779 to January 1780, was court-martialed because of multiple charges of misconduct. The band played a funeral march. [130] In Arnold's home town of Norwich, Connecticut, someone scrawled "the traitor" next to his record of birth at city hall, and all of his family's gravestones have been destroyed except his mother's.[131]. Neither side knew for some days that the other was in agreement with that offer, due to difficulties in getting the messages across the lines. He was convicted of disorderly conduct and fined the relatively small amount of 50 shillings; publicity of the case and widespread sympathy for his views probably contributed to the light sentence. "Since the fall of Lucifer," General Nathanial Greene judged, "nothing has equaled the fall of Arnold." Yet Arnold's accomplishments for the patriot cause were extraordinary. [1] He was also convicted of two minor charges of using his authority to make a profit. Arnold's name had become synonymous with the word traitor. After Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army, his British contact, Major John Andr, was captured by the Americans and hanged as a spy while Arnold escaped on a British ship. After formal inquiries, he was usually acquitted, but Congress investigated his finances and determined that he was indebted to Congress, and that he had borrowed money heavily to maintain a lavish lifestyle. Benedict died of natural causes, maybe a fever. On August 13, Schuyler dispatched him with a force of 900 to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix, where he succeeded in a ruse to lift the siege. [11], Arnold was very close to his mother, who died in 1759. Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. He performed operations that provided the Americans with relief during the Siege of Fort Stanwix, and key actions during the pivotal 1777 Battles of Saratoga, in which he sustained leg injuries that put him out of combat career for several years. Though the location was used for training cadets in engineering starting in 1794, it officially became the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1802. Benedict Arnold's name has become infamous for his treacherous acts regarding the fort at West Point, which he was in command of, and his very name has even become a synonym for either treason or betrayal. Far fewer know . "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. As a teenager, Arnold's family faced financial hardship. Benedict Arnold was named brigadier general by the British government and sent on raids to . [83], Andr returned victorious from the Siege of Charleston on June 18, and both he and Clinton were immediately caught up in this news. He and his men were joined by Richard Montgomery's small army and participated in the December 31 assault on Quebec City in which Montgomery was killed and Arnold's leg was shattered. His father was arrested on several occasions for public drunkenness, was refused communion by his church, and died in 1761. [citation needed]. [1][7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. She exerted powerful influence on her husband, who is said to have been his own man but who actually was swayed by his staff and certainly by his wife. This monument was erected under the patronage of the State of Connecticut in the 55th year of the Independence of the U.S.A. in memory of the brave patriots massacred at Fort Griswold near this spot on the 6th of Sept. [43], Arnold arrived in Schuyler's camp at Fort Edward, New York, on July 24. During the American War for Independence, several engagements were fought at the five-pointed star-shaped Fort Ticonderoga. Once the former Revolutionary War hero . That autumn he was appointed by Gen. George Washington to command an expedition to capture Quebec. [145], There are plaques on the grounds of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, commemorating all of the generals who served in the Revolution. Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . [99][100] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which Andr was carrying. My family have voted conservative in most elections. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. [119] The most serious of these was a slander suit which he won against a former business partner; and following this, townspeople burned him in effigy in front of his house, as Peggy and the children watched. Later Arnold revealed to the British that he expected to receive the command of American forces at West Point, New York, and agreed to surrender that garrison to them for 20,000. During the Revolutionary War, West Point was known as Fort Arnold, but after Benedict Arnold's betrayal, it became known as Fort Clinton. [106] This activity brought out Virginia's militia led by Colonel Sampson Mathews, and Arnold eventually retreated to Portsmouth to be reinforced or to evacuate. His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. He had established a decent relationship with George Washington, as well as Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates, both of whom had command of the army's Northern Department during 1775 and 1776. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. Benedict Arnold was born to a prominent businessman in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. His ventures met with mixed success. [36] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. [49][citation not found], Arnold spent several months recovering from his injuries. Arnold eventually moved to England where he became a merchant. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. [16] He was hardworking and successful, and was able to rapidly expand his business. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. "Whom Can We Trust Now? Meanwhile, in April 1779, Arnold married Margaret (Peggy) Shippen, a young woman of loyalist sympathies. Wikipedia Sign up to our newsletter. [62], Wetherell says that the shortest explanation for his treason is that he "married the wrong person". By Joyce Lee Malcolm. Yet as every elementary school student knows, Benedict reneged on his original commitment and defected to England. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. Thereupon I expressed the desire of seeing that gentleman, and, shortly after, I was introduced to him. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. I used the widely accepted 1910 translation by the sinologist Lionel Giles, available in various . [114] His reputation also came under criticism in the British press, especially when compared to Major Andr who was celebrated for his patriotism. [18] On one of his voyages, he fought a duel in Honduras with a British sea captain who had called him a "damned Yankee, destitute of good manners or those of a gentleman". 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